放学后的新华小学，校园里一片寂静。新来的校长林征正从校园里走过，突然听到争吵声。寻声望去，他发现五年级的学生华小川和方明珠正在争吵。原来，方明珠接受班主任江老师的任务，监督迟到的华小川受罚做值日，华小川的哥们儿张晨要来帮忙，方明珠坚决不允许，双方争吵起来。林校长感到把劳动当作惩罚是错误的，无法让学生认识自己的错误，更无法让他们了解教育与劳动相结合的重要性。在党的会议上，林校长传达了市委的指示，学校要搞勤工俭学，新华小学是全市试点学校之一，并决定让少先队辅导员洪大为具体负责。但江老师强调儿童的心理特征和教学经验，坚持认为学校必须加强课堂教育，不能搞勤工俭学。不久，学生们参加了运轮胎的劳动，劳动锻炼了老师、家长和同学们。第二天，有三个同学请病假，这下江老师更有了借口。林校长和教导主任到学生家进行家访，才知道是因为有些家长溺爱孩子，不愿意让孩子参加劳动。市委刘书记肯定了他们的成绩，指导他们继续开展勤工俭学。在劳动中，华小川从哥哥那里学会了制造钉子，他和另外几个孩子悄悄动手造了一批钉子。江老师发现孩子们身上带有钉子，但谁也不肯说出来是怎么回事，江老师伤心得病倒了。在学校党支部和家长们的帮助下，孩子们办起了钉子厂、半导体厂和玩具厂，勤工俭学活动轰轰烈烈地在学校里开展起来了。孩子们在劳动中受到了教育，江老师也认识到了勤工俭学的重大意义。溺爱孩子的家长——金大宝的父亲要为建筑水电站采购钉子，学校的钉子厂如数供应，使他也深深地受到了教育。
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